Course No.: Ent. 201 Course Title: Fundamentals of Entomology

Credit Hours: 3+1 Semester: I Acad. Session: 2022-23

A. Syllabus Theory (RIB)

1. Theory: Definitions - Insect, Entomology; History of Entomology in India; Factors for dominance of Class Insecta in animal kingdom; Classification of phylum Arthropoda upto classes with examples and importance; Body segmentation, Structure of head, thorax and abdomen; Morphology - structure and functions of insect cuticle and molting; Structure and modifications of insect mouth parts, antennae, legs; Wing venation, modifications and wing coupling apparatus; Structure of male and female genital organs; Metamorphosis and diapause in insects; Types of larvae and pupae; Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine and reproductive system in insects; Types of reproduction in insects; Major sensory organs - simple and compound eyes, chemoreceptors; Insect Ecology - Introduction, environment and its components; Effect of abiotic factors - temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure and air currents; Effect of biotic factors - inter-specific competition (food, space, predation and parasitism) and intra-specific (food and space) competition; Insecticides - classification, toxicity and formulations. Repellents, antifeedants, hormone analogues, attractants, gamma radiation; Taxonomy - importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature; Definitions - biotype, sub-species, species, genus, family and order; Classification of Class Insecta up to orders and suborders; Basic groups of present day insects with special emphasis on orders and 48 families of Agricultural importance.

2. Course Outlines

*With agriculturally important insect families (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae; Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae. Trichogrammatidae, lchneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae, Agromyziidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Tephritidae)

Text Books

1. Atwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. 1997. Agricultural Pests of India and South-East Asia. Second Edition, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India, 487 pp.
2. Chapman, R.F. 1998. The Insects: Structure and Function. Fourth Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 770 pp.
3. Imms, A.D. 1963. A General Textbook of Entomology including the Anatomy, Physiology Development and Classification. First India Printing, Bhargwa & Co., Mumbai, India, 386 pp.
4. Richards, O.W. and Davis, R.G. 1977. Imm’s General Textbook of Entomology. 10^th Edition, Volume I: Structure, Physiology and Development, 418 pp; Volume II: Classification and Biology, pp. 419-1354, Chapman & Hall, London.
5. Romoser, W.S. and Stoffolano, Jr John G. 1994. The Science of Entomology. Third Edition, Wm. C Brown Communications Inc. USA, 532 pp.
6. Sidhu, H.S. 2008/ 2011. Laboratory Manual of Introductory Entomology. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, PAU, Ludhiana, India.
7. Ambrose, D.P. 2004. The Insect: Structure, Function and Biodiversity. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India, 812 pp.
8. Pruthi, H.S. 1959. Textbook on Agricultural Entomology. I.C.A.R., New Delhi, India, 977 pp.
1. Mayr, E. 1969. Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw Hill Book Co. India, 428 pp.
10. Mayr, E.; Linsley, C. and Usinger, R.L. 1963. Methods and Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw Hill Book Co., 536 pp.
11. Applied Animal Ecology by A S Atwal and S S Bains
50. The Ecology of Insect Populations- In theory and Practice by L R Clark, P W Geier, R D Huges and R F Morris
1000. Insect Ecology by Peter W Price
14. Integrated Pest Management concepts and approaches by G S Dhaliwal and Ramesh Arora
15. Essentials of Agricultural Entomology by G S Dhaliwal, Ram Singh and B S Chillar
16. Borror and Delong’s Introduction to the study of insects (7^th edition) (2004) by Charles A Triplehorn and Norman F Johnson, Thomson brooks/Cole pp. 864.

B. Syllabus for Practicals

Practical: Collection and preservation of insects including immature stages; Morphology and anatomy of Grasshopper/Blister beetle; Different types of antennae, mouthparts, legs and wings; Wings venation and wing coupling apparatus; Types of larvae and pupae; Study of characters of orders - Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and their families of agricultural importance.

Examination Schedule

Name of the Teachers

Course Coordinator : Dr K S Sangha, Principal Entomologist

Section B : Dr. K.S. Sangha, Sr. Entomologist

Dr Prasad S. Burange, Assistant Professor

Note: It is the first and very basic introductory course in Entomology in the curriculum of B.Sc. Agri (Hons) degree programme

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Text Books (Entomology)

A Dhaliwal G. S. and Arora, R 2006 Integrated Pest Management concepts and approaches.Kalyani publishers new Delhi, 369 pp.

B Dhaliwal, G. S. Singh, R. and Chhillar, B. S. (2006) Essentials of Agricultural Entomology. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. 451 pp.

C Atwal, A. S. and Dhaliwal G. S. 1997. Agricultural Pests of South Asia and their Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. 498 pp.

D Applied Animal Ecology by A S Atwal and S S Bains, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana 498 pp.

List of Practicals

Part B Plant Pathology

Recommended Books (Pl. Pathology)

1. Plant Pathology-George N. Agrios 2005 Elsevier Academic Press, US
2. Plant Diseases- R.S. Singh 9^th Edition 2009 Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
3. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology- R.S. Singh 2002, 4^th Edition, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
4. Crop Diseases and their management. H.S. Chaube and V.S. Pundhir 2009 PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi
5. Plant Pathologist’s Pocket book . II Edn. CMI, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., 1983
6. Introduction to Plant Quarantine- Abhishek S. and Veda, O.P. 2007 Samay Prakashan, New Delhi
7. Principles of Plant Disease Management – Fry, W. E, 1982. Academic Press, Inc. London
8. Handbook of Agriculture –2017. PAU, Ludhiana

List of Practicals

1. 1. Calculation of fungicide quantity for preparing spray material
   2. Methods of diagnosis and detection of various plant diseases
   3. Sampling techniques for estimation of disease indices
   4. Measurement of incidence of diseases
   5. Assessment of crop yield losses
   6. Identification of bio-control agents (Trichoderma and Pseudomonas) and their mass multiplication
   7. Monitoring of crop attacked by diseases
   8. Working out of economics of IPM

Name of Teachers:

Course coordinator: Dr Anureet Kaur Chandi , Professor (Entomology)

Section A : Dr (Ms) Harpreet Kaur Cheema, Sr. Entomologist

Dr Prasad S. Burange, Asstt. Professor (Entomology)

Dr Sandeep Jain, Asstt. Professor (Plant Pathology)

Dr Ritu Rani, Plant Pathologist

Section B : Dr Jawala Jindal, Principal Entomologist (Maize)

Dr Rubaljot Kaur Kooner, Entomologist

Dr Pankaj Sharma, Plant Pathologist

Dr Anju Bala, Plant Pathologist

Section C : Dr Anureet Kaur Chandi*, Professor (Entomology)

Dr Paramjit Kaur, Acarologist

Dr Harleen Kaur, Principal Plant Pathologist (Maize)

Dr Ashlesha, Plant Pathologist

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COURSE OUTLINE (Ent. - Pl. Path. 203)
Fundamentals of Crop Protection

Semester: I Acad. Session: 2022-23 Credit Hrs.: 2+1

Entomology section

1. Syllabus for theory (as per RIB)

Insects- their general body structure and modifications. Importance of insects in agriculture. Insect metamorphosis and development stages. Insect diversity. Feeding stages of insects and kinds (modifications) of mouth parts. Concepts in population build-up of insects – GEP, DB, EIL, ETH and pest status. Categories of insect-pests. Causes of insect-pests outbreak. General symptoms of insects attack. Principles and methods of insect-pests management. Integrated Pest Management concept. Bioecology and management of important pests of major crops and storage products.

Lecture wise schedule:

Text Books:

1. Dhaliwal, G. S. and Arora R. 2004. Integrated Pest Management - Concept and Approaches, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. pp. 427.
2. Principles of Insect Pest Management. National Agricultural Technology Information Center, Ludhiana. pp. 374.
3. Atwal, A.S. 1986. Agricultural Pests of South Asia. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. pp. 177-383.
4. Atwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. 2009. Agricultural Pests of India and South-East Asia. Second Edition, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India. pp. 616.
5. Imms, A.D. 1963. A General Textbook of Entomology including the Anatomy, Physiology Development and Classification. First India Printing, Bhargwa & Co., Mumbai, India, pp. 386.
6. Richards, O.W. and Davis, R.G. 1977. Imm’s General Textbook of Entomology. 10^th Edition, Volume I: Structure, Physiology and Development, pp. 418; Volume II: Classification and Biology, Chapman & Hall, London. pp. 419-1354.
7. Romoser, W.S. and Stoffolano, Jr. John G. 1994. The Science of Entomology. Third Edition, Wm. C Brown Communications Inc. USA. pp.532.
8. Srivastava, K.P and Dhaliwal, G.S (2011) A Text book of Applied Entomology Vol.II Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.pp.
1. Dhaliwal, G.S., Singh, R. and Chhillar, B.S. (2006) Essentials of Agricultural Entomology. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.pp. 225-363

Supplementary Readings:

1. Package of Practices for Crops of Punjab. Rabi, Kharif, Vegetables, Flowers and Fruit (2019-20) PAU, Ludhiana.
2. Gatoria, G. S. 2017. Introductory Entomology. Unistar Books Pvt. Ltd. S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali

Syllabus for Practical:

Familiarization with generalized insect’s body structure and appendages. Life stages. Acquaintance with insect diversity. Identification of important insect-pests of cereals, cotton, oilseeds, pulses, sugarcane, fruit and vegetables crops and stored-grains, and their symptoms of damage. Acquaintance with useful insects: predators, parasitoids, pollinators, honey bees and silk worms.

Plant Pathology section

Importance and scope of plant pathology. Concept of disease in plants. Nature and classification of plant diseases. Importance and general characters of fungi, bacteria, fastidious bacteria, nematodes, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and phanerogamic parasites. Pathogenesis due to obligate and facultative parasites. Variability in plant pathogens.

Conditions necessary for development of disease epidemics. Survival and dispersal of plant pathogens. Management of key diseases and nematodes of major crops.

Books for reference

1. Agrios G N (2005) Plant Pathology, 5^th Ed. Academic Press, San Diego. P 922
2. Singh R S (1982). Plant Pathogens: The Fungi. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. P 443
3. Singh R S (2001). Introduction to principles of Plant Pathology. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. P 402
4. Singh R S (2009). Plant diseases. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. P 693

Practical

Acquaintance to plant pathology laboratory equipment. Preparation of culture media for fungi and bacteria. Demonstration of Koch's postulates. Study of different groups of fungicides and antibiotics and methods of their evaluation. Diagnosis and identification of important diseases of cereals, cotton, oilseeds, pulses, sugarcane, fruit and vegetables crops and their characteristic symptoms. Calculation for preparing spray material.

Examination schedule

Name of teachers

• Dr. Anureet Kaur Chandi, Professor (Entomology)- Course Co-ordinator

Deptt. of Entomology, Room No.222

• Dr. Prasad S. Burange, Asstt. Prof. (Entomology), Deptt. of Entomology, Room No.215
• Dr. Jyoti Jain, Plant Pathologist, Rice section, PBG, Room No.104
• Dr. Ambika Rautela, Plant Pathologist, Deptt of Plant Pathology, Room No. 229
• Dr. Rupeet Gill, Plant Pathologist, Deptt. of Vegetable Science, Room No. 21

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COURSE OUTLINE

A1 Syllabus Theory: History of Entomology in India. Factors for insects’ abundance and dominance in Animal kingdom. Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Body segmentation. Structure of head, thorax and abdomen. Structure and modifications of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs and wings. Structure of insect cuticle. Insect moulting. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Immature stages of insects. Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Major sensory organs. Systematics: Taxonomy importance of binomial nomenclature. Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Newer classification of Insectaupto Orders. Population dynamics, GEP, DB, EIL, ETL. Causes of insects’ outbreaks. Principles and methods of insect-pests’ management.

Course outline

Textbooks

1. Mathur and Upadhya A text book of Entomology. Aman Publishing Hiouse, Meerut, 448pp
2. Prasad TV. 2019. Handbook of Entomology. Fourth Edition, New Vishal Publications, New Delhi, India, 536pp
3. Chapman, R.F. 1998. The insects: Structure and Function. Fourth edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 770pp.
4. Atwal, A.S. and Dhaliwal, G.S. 1997. Agricultural Pests of India and South- East Asia. Second Edition, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, India, 487pp.
5. Pruthi, H.S. 1959. Textbook on Agricultural Entomology. I.C.A.R., New Delhi, India, 977p

B Syllabus for Practical- (RIB):Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages; Morphology of head, thorax and abdomen and apeendages of Akkgrasshopper; Modifications in insect antennae, mouthparts, legs and wings. Types of insect larvae and pupae; Dissection of digestive and nervous system in insects; Dissection of male and female reproductive systems in insects; Study of characters of orders as per newer classification Orthoptera, Odonata, DictyopteraPhasmida, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera. Insecticide formulations. Insecticide application equipment. Insecticide application calculations.

Examination Schedule:

Teachers: Dr RubaljotKooner, Entomologist, Department of Entomology, PAU, Ludhiana

Dr Y S Pandha, Assistant Extension Specialist,Department of Entomology, PAU, Ludhiana

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COURSE OUTLINE

Ent. 301 Pests of Crops and Stored Grains and their Management (2+1) Sem. I

A Syllabus for Theory (RIB)- Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, ecology, nature of damage and management of major arthropod pests of various field, vegetable, fruit, plantation and ornamental crops, and spices and condiments. Stored grain losses -role of physical, biological, mechanical and chemical factors. Insects, mites, rodents, birds and microorganisms associated with stored grains and their management. Principles of grain store management. Storage structures and methods of grain storage. Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority; Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act.

Course outline

Text books

1. Atwal, A. S. and Dhaliwal G. S. 1997. Agricultural Pests of South Asia and their Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana (632.909 A 88 A)
2. Dhaliwal, G. S. Singh, R. and Chhillar, B. S. (2006) Essentials of Agricultural Entomology. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
3. Pruthi, H. S. 1969. Text book of Agricultural Entomology, ICAR, New Delhi.
4. Srivastva, K.P. 2002. A Text book of Applied Entomology, Vol II. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

Supplementary Readings

Package of Practices for Crops of Punjab. Rabi, Kharif , Vegetables, Flowers and Fruits

PAU, Ludhiana.

Name of teachers

Section-A

Dr. Anureet Kaur Chandi, Professor of Entomology department of Entomology, Room No 222

Dr. Jawala Jindal, Sr Entomologist, Deptt of PB&G, Room No 142

Section-B

Dr. Inderpal Singh Sandhu, Principal Entomologist, Deptt of Entomology Room No 206

Dr. Dr Manpreet Kaur Saini Entomologist, Deptt of PFE, COAE, Room No 18

Section-C

Dr. Gaurav Kumar Taggar, Principal Entomologist, Deptt of PB&G, Room No. 224

Dr. Sarwan Kumar, Sr. Entomologist, Deptt of PB&G, Room No. 146

B Syllabus for Practical (RIB)- Practical: Identification of life stages and damage symptoms,and study of seasonal history of insect pests of field crops, vegetable crops, fruit crops, ornamental crops, spices and condiments. Identification of insect- pests and mites associated with stored grains and their damage symptoms. Determination of insect infestation by different methods.Assessment of losses due to insects.Calculations of insecticide doses.Fumigation of grain store/godown. Identification of rodents and their control in godowns. Birds’ identification and their management. Grain moisture measurement.Grain sampling methods under storage conditions. Visit to godowns of Food Corporation of India and Central/ State Warehousing Corporation. Visit to field station of Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute (IGMRI).

Examination Schedule

Test Weightage

Hourly 15%

Mid-Term 20%

Practical 30%

Final 35%

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Department of Entomology
PAU Ludhiana

Course No.: Ent 302 Credit Hrs.: 2+1

Course Title: Management of Beneficial Insects Semester: II

Course Contents:

Theory: Importance of beneficial insects. Beekeeping and its characteristic features. Bee species, castes and biology. Hive and apicultural equipment. Starting beekeeping. Bee pasturage. Seasonal management. Bee foraging and communication. Pests and diseases of honey bees and their management. Hive products and their production. Role of honey bees in crop pollination. Silkworm species, voltinism and biology. Rearing appliances of mulberry silkworm. Mulberry cultivation. Methods of harvesting and preservation of mulberry leaves. Silkworm rearing. Mounting and harvesting of cocoons. Pests and diseases of silkworms and their management. Lac insect – species, morphology, biology and host plants. Lac production – brood lac, stick lac, seed lac, button lac, shellac, lac-products. Important insect pollinators, weed killers and scavengers and their significance.

Practical: Identification of honey bee species and their combs. Identification of immature and mature stages of various castes of honey bees. Brood and food distribution in honey bee colony. Hive and beekeeping appliances. Examination of honey bee colonies. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies. Identification of bee enemies and diseases and their management. Bee pasturage, foraging and communication. Honey extraction, processing and packaging. Collection of other hive products. Identification of silkworm species. Biology of silkworm. Silkworm rearing appliances. Methods of harvesting and preservation of mulberry leaves. Biology and host plants of lac insect. Identification of important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions devoted to beekeeping, sericulture and lac culture.

Lecture Schedule: Theory

Lecture Schedule: Practical

Suggested Readings

1. Abrol D P (2009) Bees and Beekeeping in India. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India 719pp.
2. Atwal A S (2013) Melliera Beekeeping and Pollination. Kalyani Publishers Jodhpur, India. 382 pp.
3. Gatoria GS, Gupta J K, Thakur R K and Singh J (2011) Mass queen bee rearing and multiplication of honey bee colonies. ICAR, New Delhi, 70 pp.
4. Grout RA (1975) Hive and the Honey Bee. Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois, USA. .
5. Laidlaw H H (1979) Contemporary queen rearing. Dadant & Sons, Hamilton, Illinois, USA.
6. Ambrose D P (2017) The Insects: Beneficial and Harmful Aspects. Second Revised Edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 750pp.
7. David B V and Ramamurthy V V (2017) Elements of Economic Entomology. Eighth Edition. Brillion Publishing, Chennai, India, 398 pp.
8. Dhaliwal G S, Singh R and Chhillar B S (2016) Essentials of Agricultural Entomology. Second Edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, 451 pp.
1. Shukla A (2015) A Handbook of Economic Entomology. Seventh edition. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, India, 247 pp.

Examination Schedule

Name of Teachers

Section A

1. Dr Jaspal Singh, Principal Entomologist, Room No. 204, Department of Entomology, PAU Ludhiana

2. Dr Rabinder Kaur, Principal Entomologist, Dr G.S. Kalkat Laboratories, Entomological Research Farm, PAU, Ludhiana

Section B

1. Dr P S Shera, Principal Entomologist, Dr G.S. Kalkat Laboratories, Entomological Research Farm, PAU, Ludhiana

2. Dr Bharathi Mohindru, Entomologist, Room No. 109, Department of Entomology, PAU Ludhiana

Section C

1. Dr Sudhendu Sharma, Senior Entomologist, Dr G.S. Kalkat Laboratories, Entomological Research Farm, PAU, Ludhiana

2. Dr Amit Choudhary, Entomologist, PAU Apiary, Entomological Research Farm, PAU Ludhiana

Section (Horticulture batch)

1. Dr Kamaldeep Singh Sangha, Principal Entomologist, Room No. 132, Department of Entomology, PAU Ludhiana

2. Dr Yuvraj Singh Pandha, Extension Scientist (Entomology), 226, Department of Entomology, PAU Ludhiana

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Course Outline

Course Number: Ent 303 Credit Hours: 3 (2+1)

Course Title: Insect-pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management

SYLLABUS FOR THEORY ( AS PER RIB)

Classification of insect-pests. Dynamics of EIL and ETL. Methods of pest control-host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, physical, legislative, biological and chemical control. Recent technologies for insect pest management. Insecticides- classification, formulation, first aid and antidotes. IPM – importance and principles. Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, ecology, nature of damage and management of important insect-pests of various fruits (tropical, sub-tropical and temperate), vegetables, ornamental, plantation, spice, medicinal, aromatic crops and under protected conditions. Pest surveillance, storage insects - Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, ecology, nature of damage and management of important insect-pests attacking stored fruit, vegetable, ornamental, plantation, spice, medicinal, aromatic crops’ produce and their processed products. Insecticide residue problems in fruit, vegetable, plantation, spice, medicinal and aromatic crops and their maximum residue limits (MRLs). Waiting periods for insecticides on various crops.

Lecture Wise Schedule

Text Books

1. Integrated Pest management concepts and approaches by G S Dhaliwal and Ramesh Arora
2. Agricultural Pests of South Asia and their Management by A S Atwal and G S Dhaliwal
3. Essentials of Agricultural entomology by G S Dhaliwal, Ram Singh and B S Chillar
4. Applied Animal Ecology by A S Atwal and S S Bains

SYLLABUS FOR PRACTICAL( AS PER RIB)

Identification of important insect-pests of various fruits (tropical, sub-tropical and temperate), vegetables, ornamental, plantation, spice, medicinal, aromatic crops in field and their produce during storage and their symptoms of damage. Identification of biocontrol agents and natural enemies. Insecticide formulations. Pesticide application appliances. Calculation of insecticide quantity for preparing spray material.

EXAMINATION SCHEDULE

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DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
LUDHIANA

Description of UG Course Contents

Ent. 201 Fundamentals of Entomology 3+1 Sem. I

Definitions - Insect, Entomology; History of Entomology in India; Factors for dominance of Class Insecta in animal kingdom; Classification of phylum Arthropoda upto classes with examples and importance; Body segmentation, Structure of head, thorax and abdomen; Morphology - structure and functions of insect cuticle and molting; Structure and modifications of insect mouth parts, antennae, legs; Wing venation, modifications and wing coupling apparatus; Structure of male and female genital organs; Metamorphosis and diapause in insects; Types of larvae and pupae; Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous, endocrine and reproductive system in insects; Types of reproduction in insects; Major sensory organs - simple and compound eyes, chemoreceptors; Insect Ecology - Introduction, environment and its components; Effect of abiotic factors - temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure and air currents; Effect of biotic factors - inter-specific competition (food, space, predation and parasitism) and intra-specific (food and space) competition; Insecticides - classification, toxicity and formulations. Repellents, antifeedants, hormone analogues, attractants, gamma radiation; Taxonomy - importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature; Definitions - biotype, sub-species, species, genus, family and order; Classification of Class Insecta up to orders and suborders; Basic groups of present day insects with special emphasis on orders and 48 families of Agricultural importance.

Practical: Collection and preservation of insects including immature stages; Morphology and anatomy of Grasshopper/Blister beetle; Different types of antennae, mouthparts, legs and wings; Wings venation and wing coupling apparatus; Types of larvae and pupae; Study of characters of orders - Odonata, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and their families of agricultural importance.

Ent. 205 Basic Entomology 1+1 Sem. I

(For B.Sc. (Hons) Agribusiness Students)

History of Entomology in India. Factors for insects’ abundance and dominance in Animal kingdom. Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes. Relationship of class Insecta

with other classes of Arthropoda. Body segmentation. Structure of head, thorax and abdomen.

Structure and modifications of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs and wings. Structure of insect

cuticle. Insect moulting. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Immature stages of insects.

Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive

systems in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Major sensory organs. Systematics: Taxonomy importance of binomial nomenclature. Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Newer classification of Insectaupto Orders. Population dynamics, GEP, DB, EIL, ETL. Causes of insects’ outbreaks. Principles and methods of insect-pests’ management.

Practical: Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages; Morphology of head, thorax, abdomen and appendages of Akkgrasshopper; Modifications in insect antennae, mouthparts, legs and wings. Types of insect larvae and pupae; Dissection of digestive and nervous system in insects; Dissection of male and female reproductive systems in insects; Study of characters of orders as per newer classification Orthoptera, Odonata, Dictyoptera, Phasmida, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera. Insecticide formulations. Insecticide application equipments and calculations.

Ent.30l Pests of Crops and Stored Grains and their Management 2+l Sem.I

Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, ecology, nature of damage and management of major arthropod pests of various field, vegetable, fruit, plantation and ornamental crops, and spices and condiments. Stored grain losses -role of physical, biological, mechanical and chemical factors. Insects, mites, rodents, birds and microorganisms associated with stored grains and their management. Principles of grain store management. Storage structures and methods of grain storage. Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority; Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act.

Practical: Identification of life stages and damage symptoms, Study of seasonal history of insect pests of field crops, vegetable crops, fruit crops, ornamental crops, spices and condiments. Identification of insect- pests and mites associated with stored grains and their damage symptoms. Determination of insect infestation by different methods. Assessment of losses due to insects. Calculations of insecticide doses. Fumigation of grain store/godown. Identification of rodents and their control in godowns. Birds identification and their management. Grain moisture measurement. Grain sampling methods under storage conditions. Visit to godowns of Food Corporation of India and Central/ State Warehousing Corporation. Visit to field station of Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute (IGMRI).

Ent.302 Management of Beneficial Insects 2+1 Sem. II

Importance of beneficial insects. Beekeeping and its characteristic features. Bee species, castes and biology. Hive and apicultural equipment. Starting beekeeping. Bee pasturage. Seasonal management. Bee

foraging and communication. Pests and diseases of honey bees and their management. Hive products and

their production. Role of honey bees in crop pollination. Silkworm species, voltinism and biology. Rearing appliances of mulberry silkworm. Mulberry cultivation. Methods of harvesting and preservation

of mulberry leaves. Silkworm rearing. Mounting and harvesting of cocoons. Pests and diseases of silkworms and their management. Lac insect – species, morphology, biology and host plants. Lac production – brood lac, stick lac, seed lac, button lac, shellac, lac-products. Important insect pollinators, weed killers and scavengers and their significance.

Practical: Identification of honey bee species and their combs. Identification of immature and mature stages of various castes of honey bees. Brood and food distribution in honey bee colony. Hive and beekeeping appliances. Examination of honey bee colonies. Seasonal management of honey bee colonies. Identification of bee enemies and diseases and their management. Bee pasturage, foraging and communication. Honey extraction, processing and packaging. Collection of other hive products. Identification of silkworm species. Biology of silkworm. Silkworm rearing appliances. Methods of harvesting and preservation of mulberry leaves. Biology and host plants of lac insect. Identification of important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions devoted to beekeeping, sericulture and lac culture.

Ent 303 Insect-pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management (2+1) Sem. I

(For B.Sc. (Hons) Hort. Students)

Classification of insect-pests. Dynamics of EIL and ETL. Methods of pest control-host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, physical, legislative, biological and chemical control. Recent technologies for insect pest management. Insecticides- classification, formulation, first aid and antidotes. IPM – importance and principles. Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, ecology, nature of damage and management of important insect-pests of various fruits (tropical, sub-tropical and temperate), vegetables, ornamental, plantation, spice, medicinal, aromatic crops and under protected conditions. Pest surveillance, storage insects - Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology, ecology, nature of damage and management of important insect-pests attacking stored fruit, vegetable, ornamental, plantation, spice, medicinal, aromatic crops’ produce and their processed products. Insecticide residue problems in fruit, vegetable, plantation, spice, medicinal and aromatic crops and their maximum residue limits (MRLs). Waiting periods for insecticides on various crops.

Practical:-Identification of important insect-pests of various fruits (tropical, sub-tropical and temperate),

vegetables, ornamental, plantation, spice, medicinal, aromatic crops in field and their produce during storage and their symptoms of damage. Identification of biocontrol agents and natural enemies.

Insecticide formulations. Pesticide application appliances. Calculation of insecticide quantity for

preparing spray material.

Ent.492 Experiential Learning in Commercial Apiculture 0+20 Sem.II

Ent.-Pl. Path.492 Experiential Learning in Production Technology for Bioagents 0+20 Sem.II

B.Sc. Agri (Hons) final year

Ent.491 Agro-industrial Attachment (CA) 0+4 Sem. I

B.Sc. Agri (Hons) final year

Commercial Honey Production, Hive and Apicultural Equipment and Honey Processing Manufacturing Units; Honey Trading, Processing, Packaging, Exporting and Marketing Units.

Ent.-Pl. Path.491 Agro-industrial Attachment(BC) 0+4 Sem.I

Pesticide and Biopesticide Industries, Biocontrol Agents Production Units, Plant Quarantine Station, Virus free Potato Tuber Production Units